This story was reported with the help of a grant from Grist and the Center for Rural Strategies, which supports reporting about rural communities.
NEW IBERIA, La — Into a clear blue sky, the sweet-smelling smoke billows and spreads. Farmers have been burning and harvesting sugarcane this way for generations, but the practice creates ash fallout and hazardous air pollutants. Every year, farmers plan and coordinate the fires, to clear out pests like snakes and clear leaves, leaving behind only the stalks where the sugar lies.
Nobody in Iberia Parish thinks twice. Sugarcane smoke is a part of life.
But locals are wary of the dangers they suspect lurk within a different, newer industry. This new industry is going to be the ruin of Iberia Parish, they warn, with dangers ranging from toxic smoke and cancer-causing chemicals to homegrown tornados and flying debris, even poisoned farmland and worthless houses.
Dangers that are almost entirely imagined, say experts, who now find themselves as the main line of defense against misinformation that could hamstring a vital energy field.
This is a close-knit community, part of the Acadiana region of Louisiana best known as Cajun Country.
But last year, opposition to solar farms became so heated here that speakers at Iberia Parish Council meetings were brought to tears. Hundreds of residents successfully mounted a campaign opposing a proposed utility-scale solar project that would have been sited northeast of town. Opponents voiced fears that solar panels would destroy farms and poison the soil. They wore anti-solar t-shirts and staked yard signs. They snubbed and scolded the project’s supporters.
They feared fires, falling property values and panels that they said would leach chemicals into bayous. “I’ve done my own research. I don’t need anybody to tell me that it can’t cause cancer, or that they don’t crack and things don’t seep out,” said opponent Cathrine DeGroat during a June 2025 council meeting.
After heated debate, the council passed an ordinance requiring utility-scale solar projects to be set back at least half a mile from the nearest residential property line. Solar opponents hailed it as a victory for Iberia Parish.
The ordinance appears to have effectively killed the Acadiana Solar project, which could have brought millions in local tax revenue to Iberia Parish, a rural area that could sorely use the public funds. The project’s developers would have leased land from Andree McAnally’s family farm for part of the project, money that would have helped pay college tuition and other expenses in a household budget that has been tighter since the death of her husband from COVID in 2021, McAnally said. She felt the lost opportunity more sharply, she said, since the fight against it was not based on facts.
After the vote, in July 2025, McAnally told parish councilmembers that she was disappointed in them. “I thought you were going to call in your own experts and figure it out yourself,” she said. “People are fueled by misinformation.”
McAnally herself had once believed that misinformation, she told the council. When her parents first agreed to put a solar farm on her family’s land, she was furious — she believed that her family was sure to get cancer. So she dug deep into research. What she learned changed her mind. “We have three generations right there on the property. And I would not put myself or my children in harm’s way,” she said.
Misinformation can ‘spread like wildfire’
Misinformation has become one of the primary hurdles for utility-scale solar projects like the one once planned here. “Sometimes opposition that develops from misinformation and disinformation tends to spread like wildfire,” said Matthew Holland, energy policy outreach coordinator at the Blanco Center, who counsels solar advocates to counter misinformation through specific facts about the benefits of the projects. And, as solar projects become more commonplace, some misinformation may lose its grip.
For some who live in Iberia Parish, the standoff seems more deep-seated. “I think you’re seeing the animus of people who feel like their opinion is not taken seriously,” said Josh Trosclair, a member of the United Houma Nation and native of the small community of Lydia, just south of New Iberia, who argued on behalf of solar in front of the council. After one meeting, agitated solar opponents followed him to his car, he said.
It seems clear that unfounded fears of solar have found fertile ground here.
The parish is more familiar with a different aspect of the energy sector. Iberia Parish workers fabricate parts for oil and gas infrastructure, like offshore platforms and pipelines. They work for petrochemical companies that, historically, come in, extract resources, and leave behind poverty and pollution — and loss. Trosclair’s uncle, whom he’s named after, was doing oil and gas fieldwork when he was killed by a burst pipe in 1980 at 20 years old.
Fossil fuels also don’t provide the jobs they once did: a report this summer from The Data Center, a Louisiana nonprofit, found that oil and gas production and transportation in Louisiana has lost over 6,500 jobs between 2004 and 2023, a 47% decrease.
Solar, on the other hand, will keep growing, say analysts, because the technology has simply gotten so efficient and affordable that the low cost will keep driving demand despite the hostile federal policy landscape. Scientists say that the world must transition to renewable energy as quickly as possible as global climate change worsens. Energy generated by solar in the U.S. recently overtook coal for the first time. Even Trump allies recently softened their once-hostile tone and began championing solar outright.
Perhaps because of their fraught history with oil and gas, locals can be wary of large new developments on agricultural land. They rallied the council last year to discuss the risks of carbon capture and sequestration and weighed instituting a moratorium. For the past several years, the solar industry has instilled worries, turning longtime friends into enemies.
“This is a highly charged, emotional issue, not just for me but for all of my neighbors who are my friends,” McAnally told the Council, her voice shaking. “Or — were my friends.”
Solar panels don’t leach toxins
Sugarcane has long been the dominant crop in Iberia Parish, where some farms have been handed down through four or five generations. The hundreds of acres of sun-drenched land also appealed to Recurrent, a division of Canada Solar, which selected about 1,000 acres for their proposed solar project, initially dubbed “Acadiana Solar.” It would have been a $175 million investment.
But amid passionate public opposition, Iberia Parish passed its first solar-related ordinance in July 2024 , a one-year moratorium on solar farms, described as a temporary measure until permanent regulations could be agreed upon. A year later, in July 2025, the council passed the second ordinance, requiring that solar farms in the parish be sited at least a half mile from the nearest residential zones and occupied structures.
At the state level, Louisiana legislators passed their first solar restrictions last year, with HB459, which requires that solar projects 75 acres or larger be set 300 feet from the nearest residential property line. The law also allows local governments to set larger setbacks.
Louisiana’s setback law is “one of the larger distances that you’ll see in the country,” Mark Zappi, executive director of the Energy Institute of Louisiana, told 1012 Industry Report in April. The Iberia Parish ordinance, with a setback that’s more than eight times larger, is the most restrictive in the state.
The full effects of that setback are unclear: though Recurrent Energy has never officially announced that its project was canceled, there’s been no movement on the project since the ordinance passed, local advocates say.
It is clear that, for solar development in Louisiana, one of the most formidable hurdles is misinformation.
Some inaccuracies are spread among friends and neighbors, by mouth or by social media. Sometimes disinformation is spread deliberately by politically-linked groups or digital marketers sharing AI-generated posts.
Or, as Terrence Chambers, the recently-retired former Director of UL-Lafayette’s Center of Efficiency and Sustainable Energy, testified in front of a Louisiana legislative committee in 2021. “I have recently heard many concerns expressed by members of the public, some of which are based on incorrect information, and I would like to address some of those concerns, so that public policy can be based on accurate information.”
In his testimony and in the 17-page written testimony that he supplied the committee, Chambers set the record straight. “The solar cell is completely protected from air and water during normal operation, and as such, rainwater does not wash any toxic materials into the soil,” he said. “Solar racks can easily be designed to wind speeds of 150 mph or higher,” he wrote, noting that data from 50,000 operational solar installations shows that “solar plants stand up well to hurricanes and hail.” Also, because solar panels are mostly made of non-flammable materials like steel, glass and aluminum, they will not catch fire.
A December study from Chambers and other researchers at UL-Lafayette reached a similar conclusion: “There are no harmful emissions or runoff from solar power plants that would negatively affect the soil.”
Some opponents’ concerns were valid decades ago, but have now been largely addressed. For instance, residents expressed worries that solar panels would depress property values, become eyesores amid the landscape, or —like the “orphan wells” often left behind by fossil-fuel companies — that the projects won’t be properly decommissioned when the projects end, leaving farmland littered with aging solar panels.
Studies have drawn differing conclusions about property values, but the UL-Lafayette paper points to two recent ones, by appraisers in North Carolina and Virginia, who found that solar projects have no effect. Abandoned panels are less of a concern now since Louisiana law requires every project to have a decommissioning plan, which must account for closure in case of disaster and be updated every five years, with the costs set aside before construction begins. The way solar projects age has improved as well, because manufacturers have made dramatic changes in how panels are built, said Stephen Barnes, director of the Kathleen Babineaux Blanco Public Policy Center at UL-Lafayette.
Today’s projects are designed to be less visible than older ones, partly because it’s become standard for projects to include vegetative barriers – tall plants and bushes used to blend solar arrays with surrounding landscape. “The reality is that most people that live in a parish that does have a solar farm don’t think about it ever,” said Barnes. “You could be driving past one and never even know it.”
Facebook groups and AI bots
In Acadiana, solar opposition appears to have been organized in large part through a 1,200-member social-media group known as “NO Industrial/Utility solar in Iberia Parish” on Facebook. “Panels are toxic, contaminate the soil and water, [and] are a huge fire hazard,” wrote one of the group’s administrators in an April 2024 post.
The group appears to have been first created in 2024 by a local realtor, Angela Scott, who stressed concerns that the solar farm would bring down property values. Scott did not respond to multiple attempts to reach her for this story.
Many posts express concerns that Iberia would no longer be a farming community. “There’s about 500k acres of sugarcane in the state. About 250k of them are leased for potential solar farms in the future,” read a post reshared from a group for St. James Parish — which also saw an anti-solar campaign. “If we lose 250k acres of farmland in this state, the sugar mills will likely close.”
To date, experts project that, at most, Louisiana solar will require about 87,000 acres over the next 10 years, on sites spread out across the state — not just on sugarcane fields. Only about 1% of Louisiana’s total farmland would be impacted by the highest estimates of solar buildout over the next decade, researchers estimate.
Posts in the group echo the dangers cited by opponents in council debates, along with a few new alleged hazards, including “increased ambient temperatures” and suggestions that solar panels themselves create unstable weather, particularly tornadoes.
Many posts in the group are cross-posted from “Stop Solar-Wind-BESS-Carbon Capture Scams,” a larger, 11,000-member Facebook group, which has become a hub for people who oppose solar across the nation. It was created in 2020 by Indiana resident Franklin T, Wilke. A pinned post by Wilke under the name “David Herman” seeks people willing to be trained to spread anti-solar messages: “We are looking for volunteers that would be interested in learning how to HELP run anti-Solar or anti-Solar and Wind websites. We are willing to train the individuals if needed,” reads the post. “The position will basically involve copying and pasting news links from various Facebook Groups we run, then writing a short introduction to the news articles.”
Wilke is also the creator of websites including StopSolarFarms.org, AmericanLegacies.Org, a website for Older Bikers Riders Club, and others. He is creator or administrator of Facebook groups including Concerned Citizens of Indiana and Stop Solar Farms, many of which have similarly named nonprofits registered to Wilke or his wife. All of Wilke’s nonprofits report receiving less than $50,000 in revenue and therefore are not required to file detailed 990s that would list contributors.
Some members of the network of anti-solar groups are sharing nearly identical posts of AI-generated anti-solar content, tailored to different U.S. states.
“Once Louisiana is gone, there’s no way to get it back,” reads one AI-generated graphic, shared by user Sheila Thomson, the words appearing on a sign with a farm and red barn in the distance. “Solar panels belong on roofs, not on farmland.” In a Facebook group for Texans, user “Caroline Fitzgerald” has posted near-identical text and a near-identical graphic, this time tailored to Texas: “Once Texas is gone, there’s no way to get it back,” reads the sign. The same message and graphic appears in other groups tailored to Iowa, Nebraska, Tennessee, and elsewhere.
The accounts appear to be located in South Asia: the URL for Thomson’s profile includes the name “Maahi Khan,” a South Asian woman’s name. Fitzgerald follows just seven accounts, including the Times of India. Both profiles follow a significant number of accounts based in Bangladesh.
Solar continues to grow, and provide needed tax revenue, despite hurdles
Across Louisiana, 19 solar projects are operating. Five began operating after Iberia passed its strict ordinance. And from the looks of it, other parishes are beginning to reap the benefits of solar projects, which can offer massive tax revenue for rural areas that may otherwise see little investment.
The assessed value of land multiplies hugely when a parish re-zones it and its use changes from agricultural to utility-scale solar. Parishes get far more property tax revenue from solar projects than farms: even if solar facilities are granted massive tax exemptions, they’ll generate at least 40 times more local property tax than farmland.
Near Iberia, in Pointe Coupee Parish, the Oxbow solar project — the largest in the state — is projected to generate $9.7 million in local tax revenue within the first three years. Morehouse Parish has already brought in about $3 million in sales tax revenue thanks to the 1400 acre Oak Ridge Solar Farm that began operating in 2023, about half of which went to the School Board.
The UL-Lafayette study predicts solar will bring in about half a billion dollars in state taxes through 2035. And once built, Barnes said, solar projects “tend to sit quietly with very little activity, generating significant, steady, predictable stream of tax revenue,” without requiring the increased public services — like fire protection or better roads — that other large development projects need, said Barnes.
“There will be continued expansion,” said Monika Gerhart, executive director of Gulf States Renewable Energy Industries Association. “The question is whether those projects will be over the states lines in Texas or Arkansas or Mississippi, or whether Louisiana is going to be able to avail itself of that revenue.”
Investment in a solar facility can also draw other businesses in, or prompt investment in improving the local electrical grid – what Barnes calls “broader spillover economic benefits.” Despite its opposition, Iberia Parish, too, has begun to see spillover benefits from investments in solar panels.
Last year, First Solar opened a $1 billion solar-panel production facility in Iberia Parish. It will manufacture 3.5GW of solar panels annually, is the largest investment in Iberia Parish history, and one of the largest outdoor solar facilities in the Southeast. The plant now employs hundreds of locals.
